H3 Grid#

Build a H3 grid for the San Diego region#

H3 grid

This dataset contains a hexagonal tesselation following Uber’s H3 system that covers the core of San Diego.

The delineation of the city centre is somewhat arbitrary, was manually drawn using geojson.io, and is stored in sd_city_centre.geojson in this folder.

  • Source: Uber

  • URL

  • Processing: Generation of the dataset is documented in build_nasadem_sd.ipynb

Infrastructure#

To create a container that includes h3 save the following on a file called Dockerfile:

FROM darribas/gds_dev:4.1

USER root
RUN wget -O - https://apt.kitware.com/keys/kitware-archive-latest.asc 2>/dev/null | sudo apt-key add - \
 && apt-add-repository 'deb https://apt.kitware.com/ubuntu/ bionic main' \
 && apt-get update \
 && apt-get install --yes cmake
USER $NB_UID
RUN pip install h3

And build the container by running the following from the same folder where the file is stored:

docker build -t gds_h3 .

When if finishes, you should be able to launch the gds_h3 container and run this notebook from there.

%matplotlib inline

from h3 import h3
import geopandas
from shapely.geometry import Polygon
import contextily as ctx
import cenpy

Region to cover#

sd = geopandas.read_file("sd_city_centre.geojson")
ax = sd.plot(alpha=0.25, color="orange", figsize=(9, 9))
ctx.add_basemap(ax, crs=sd.crs.to_string())
../../_images/af1aa794521aafa2efd3322d0cce351d05af9bc132724882078ec7a032553350.png

Build H3 geography#

%time hexs = h3.polyfill(sd.geometry[0].__geo_interface__, 8, geo_json_conformant = True)
CPU times: user 8.19 ms, sys: 861 µs, total: 9.05 ms
Wall time: 10 ms
polygonise = lambda hex_id: Polygon(
                                h3.h3_to_geo_boundary(
                                    hex_id, geo_json=True)
                                    )

%time all_polys = geopandas.GeoSeries(list(map(polygonise, hexs)), \
                                      index=hexs, \
                                      crs="EPSG:4326" \
                                     )
CPU times: user 101 ms, sys: 7.66 ms, total: 109 ms
Wall time: 109 ms
ax = all_polys.plot(alpha=0.5, color="xkcd:pale yellow", figsize=(9, 9))
ctx.add_basemap(ax, crs=all_polys.crs.to_string())
ax.set_title(f"{all_polys.shape[0]} Hexagons");
../../_images/2bef734a5d70d465691e60f629e19bd7f136a6bd4cb40d0773176e8ad30238eb.png

Clip ocean out#

There are quite a few hexagons that fall within the ocean. Let’s get rid of them. For that, we will pull down the polygon for San Diego county using cenpy:

census = cenpy.Decennial2010()
tracts = census.from_msa("San Diego, CA", level="tract")
/opt/conda/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pyproj/crs/crs.py:55: FutureWarning: '+init=<authority>:<code>' syntax is deprecated. '<authority>:<code>' is the preferred initialization method. When making the change, be mindful of axis order changes: https://pyproj4.github.io/pyproj/stable/gotchas.html#axis-order-changes-in-proj-6
  return _prepare_from_string(" ".join(pjargs))
/opt/conda/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pyproj/crs/crs.py:55: FutureWarning: '+init=<authority>:<code>' syntax is deprecated. '<authority>:<code>' is the preferred initialization method. When making the change, be mindful of axis order changes: https://pyproj4.github.io/pyproj/stable/gotchas.html#axis-order-changes-in-proj-6
  return _prepare_from_string(" ".join(pjargs))

Now these geometries include also some ocean:

ax = tracts.plot(alpha=0.5, color="xkcd:pale green")
ctx.add_basemap(ax, crs=tracts.crs.to_string())
../../_images/423140e2c5861ac506f4bfa4cb2e414bc24893fed149bf1e1fe05bb37f7551b4.png

It turns out that part is a separate polygon that may be removed easily:

tracts.head()
GEOID geometry NAME state county tract
0 06073018200 POLYGON ((-13066573.290 3920769.610, -13066530... Census Tract 182, San Diego County, California 06 073 018200
1 06073018601 POLYGON ((-13067719.770 3922939.420, -13067631... Census Tract 186.01, San Diego County, California 06 073 018601
2 06073018000 POLYGON ((-13064524.900 3917063.650, -13064338... Census Tract 180, San Diego County, California 06 073 018000
3 06073017900 POLYGON ((-13064042.110 3917657.290, -13064035... Census Tract 179, San Diego County, California 06 073 017900
4 06073018510 POLYGON ((-13064367.720 3923018.450, -13064295... Census Tract 185.10, San Diego County, California 06 073 018510
tracts_land_one = geopandas.GeoDataFrame(
                        {"geometry": [tracts.query("GEOID != '06073990100'").unary_union],
                         "id": ["one"]
                        }, crs=tracts.crs)
ax = tracts_land_one.to_crs(epsg=4269).plot()
all_polys.to_crs(epsg=4269).plot(color="xkcd:pale yellow", ax=ax)
<matplotlib.axes._subplots.AxesSubplot at 0x7fdbf6eeb090>
../../_images/cc821b5599fcb6fa646b931972429a30525ee8f4e5c7b925b7725a7e5b648ab3.png

Let’s convert all_polys into a GeoDataFrame:

h3_all = geopandas.GeoDataFrame({"geometry": all_polys,
                                 "hex_id": all_polys.index},
                                crs=all_polys.crs
                               )

We’re an overlay away from our target:

%%time
h3_land = geopandas.overlay(h3_all, 
                            tracts_land_one.to_crs(h3_all.crs), 
                            how="intersection"
                           )
CPU times: user 3.43 s, sys: 43 ms, total: 3.47 s
Wall time: 3.46 s
ax = h3_land.plot(alpha=0.5, color="xkcd:pale yellow")
ctx.add_basemap(ax, crs=h3_land.crs.to_string())
../../_images/5c0e81d0d34c142654f7f7722bfcce5230a74fd3f06ebdb35c53a9e9120faeb0.png

Write out to GPKG#

! rm sd_h3_grid.gpkg
h3_land.drop("id", axis=1).to_file("sd_h3_grid.gpkg", driver="GPKG")

Tract Vs H3 geographies#

Get tracts only within the grid:

shp = geopandas.GeoDataFrame(
    {"geometry": [h3_land.unary_union],
     "id": ["one"]
    }, crs = h3_land.crs).to_crs(tracts.crs)
sub = geopandas.overlay(tracts, shp, how="intersection")

Compare:

ax = sub.plot(facecolor="k", edgecolor="xkcd:lilac", figsize=(9, 9))
h3_land.to_crs(sub.crs).plot(facecolor="none", linewidth=0.5, edgecolor="xkcd:light aqua", ax=ax)
ctx.add_basemap(ax, crs=sub.crs.to_string())
../../_images/30ff5eb03c9be23b72e261a6ea61a49bc895ee3a8a3a1237cb8a9f2748f25a6c.png